In some cases, a tree’s wood grows faster than the surrounding bark and this pressure may cause thin layers of protective outer cork to separate. These bark textures are relatively uniform within a single tree species. Bark can take on other textures by peeling, cracking, or dividing, and can be characterized as papery, scaly, plated, furrowed, or fibrous. Only a few locally native trees, such as Fagus grandifolia (American beech), retain smooth bark through their lifetimes, detering climbing plants and insects. Young trees often have smooth, unbroken bark, but will usually roughen as the trees age. Quaking aspen carries out photosynthesis through its bark when other deciduous trees are dormant. The young green branches of trees are thought to be photosynthetic, but Populus tremuloides (quaking aspen) is unique among North American trees in that it can photosynthesize through its greenish-gray bark even after its leaves drop. The exfoliation of bark in birches, for example, allows them to shed the lichen and moss that form on their trunks. Other trees produce chemicals in their bark to make them unpalatable or to ward off competition from other tree species.īark texture also provides protections. The essential oils in bark shed by Betula nigra (river birch) inhibit the growth of neighboring trees. The oxalate crystals contained in the inner bark of conifers destroy the mouthparts of insects, and the bitter, almond-scented cyanogenic glycosides in the bark of Prunus serotina(black cherry) deter browsing animals such as beavers. (oak) trees and acetogenins of Asimina triloba (pawpaw) are powerful natural insecticides. Other trees produce chemicals in their bark to make them unpalatable or to ward off competition from other tree species. On a mobile phone, click on the information symbol (circle with a letter ℹ︎ symbol). Note: Click on images to see enlarged photos, captions, and photo attributions. The bark of each type of tree has evolved to adapt to the environment in which the species grows. (birch) bark make it waterproof and resistant to decay. In contrast, some pine trees, such as Pinus contorta (lodgepole pine), produce flammable oils in their bark because the high temperature of fire releases seeds from their waxy cones, aiding reproduction. For example, the thick bark of Sequoiadendron giganteum (giant redwood) contains no flammable pitch or resin, allowing the tree to survive intense fires. Finally, bark helps defend a tree against fire, mechanical injury, and parasitic plants. It deters invading insects, bacterial infection, or fungal spores, and damage by animals, which are attracted to the sugar-rich sap transported by the vascular phloem from the leaves to the rest of the plant. Trunk Layers: Bark and underlying layers of a tree trunk (VA Tech) Bark and Its Functionsīark is the outermost covering of dead tissue (cork), which protects a woody plant against the effects of weather, such as temperature extremes, scorching by sun, and drying by wind. *Coordinated Communication Initiative Resources.Gardening Basics for Arlington & Alexandria, VA.Virtual Class Managing Wildlife in the Urban Home Landscape – 2022 Edition.University of Maryland Extension IPM Alerts – Insects.University of Maryland Extension Insect YouTube Channel.Mosca Linterna con Manchas (Spotted Lanternfly) en Viñedos de Virginia.Ciclo de Vida en Virginia de Spotted Lanternfly (Mosca de Alas Manchadas).Integrated Pest Management Through Cultural Practices.Community Gardens in Arlington & Alexandria.Virtual Class: Container Gardening Outdoors – Basics and Beyond.Virtual Class: Outdoor Container Garden Basics.Container Gardening with Keystone Plants: Homegrown National Park.Virtual Class: How to Grow a Salsa Garden.Youth Education Program Success Stories.Virtual Class: Welcoming Butterflies to Your Garden.Virtual Class: Welcoming Birds to Your Garden. Virtual Class: Small Space Gardening for Pollinators.Virtual Class: Partnering with Pollinators.Virtual Class: Native Trees & Shrubs for Pollinators.Best Bets: Native Plants to Attract Pollinators.
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